Level
Intermediate to advanced
Used in
Discussion, Email, Interview

Relative clauses

Use who for people, which for things, and that for either in defining clauses. Do not repeat the subject or object inside the clause.

  • The teacher who she helped me retired.
    The teacher who helped me retired.
  • The app that I use it is free.
    The app that I use is free.

Conditionals

TypeFormExample
Real (first)If + present, will + verbIf it rains, we will stay inside.
Unreal (second)If + past, would + verbIf I had more time, I would travel.
Past unreal (third)If + had + past participle, would have + past participleIf I had studied, I would have passed.

The second conditional is very useful in the Academic Discussion: "If universities required this course, students would…" shows a clear argument and good range.

Concession: although and while

"Although online classes are flexible, they can feel isolating." One sentence shows both sides, which is exactly what discussion answers need.

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